OpenAI has just unveiled GPT-4.5, but how much of an upgrade is it? Let’s take a look at Dan Shipper’s initial impressions from Every, a publication focused on LLM advancements. 4.5 is not a major step up from 4o, but it is...

Microbiologist José Penadés stopped in his tracks while out shopping. Stunned, he even asked his companions for an hour to process what had just happened. Google’s AI research tool, Co-Scientist, had reached the same conclusion his team had spent a decade working on—in...

A major announcement has sent ripples through the AI world—China’s AI startup DeepSeek has unveiled its LLM model, R1. What makes R1 stand out isn’t just its impressive performance but also its significantly lower development costs compared to competitors. On...

What is Embedding Tuning? Embedding tuning plays a crucial role in optimizing RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) by refining how questions and passages are embedded into numerical vectors. Standard RAG models often face matching issues between queries and answer chunks, especially when...

How can AI move beyond simply finding answers on a single page to comprehending the context of an entire book and delivering more accurate responses? To effectively search and utilize data, it’s not just about finding large amounts of information—it’s...

Large language models (LLMs) powered by generative AI demonstrate impressive performance across various domains. However, effectively applying AI in real-world scenarios requires a solid understanding of its training methods and strategies for handling data. In this article, we delve into...

Indexing is essential for effectively searching chunked data. It refers to the process of storing chunked data in a database in a way that allows for efficient retrieval. Indexed data enables quick similarity comparisons with search queries, helping the system...

What is Data Structuring? In our previous article, we explored RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) as a new approach to LLM training. RAG operates like an open-book test, utilizing external data to retrieve and generate accurate responses. The performance of RAG heavily...

For generative AI to become a truly valuable tool for humans, it must go beyond simply learning data—it needs to understand human intent and respond in ways that align with human expectations. The key to achieving this lies in Human...

Imagine bringing your own virtual world to life with nothing more than a single image, a brief description, or a photograph. This is the transformative power of Genie (Generative Interactive Environment), a revolutionary model introduced by Google this February. Now,...